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Major Search Engines and Directories
In the search engine list below, Search Engine Watch provides a guide to the
major search engines of the web. Why are these considered to be "major" search
engines? Because they are either well-known or well-used.
For webmasters, the major search engines are the most important places to be
listed, because they can potentially generate so much traffic.
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Top Choices
The search engines below are all excellent choices to start with when searching
for information.
Google
http://www.google.com
Voted four times Most Outstanding Search Engine by Search Engine Watch readers,
Google has a well-deserved reputation as the top choice for those searching the
web. The crawler-based service provides both comprehensive coverage of the web
along with great relevancy. It's highly recommended as a first stop in your hunt
for whatever you are looking for.
Google provides the option to find more than web pages, however. Using on the
top of the search box on the Google home page, you can easily seek out images
from across the web, discussions that are taking place on Usenet newsgroups,
locate news information or perform product searching. Using the More link
provides access to human-compiled information from the Open Directory (see
below), catalog searching and other services.
Google is also known for the wide range of features it offers, such as cached
links that let you "resurrect" dead pages or see older versions of recently
changed ones. It offers excellent spell checking, easy access to dictionary
definitions, integration of stock quotes, street maps, telephone numbers and
more. See Google's help page for an entire rundown on some of these features.
The Google Toolbar has also won a popular following for the easy access it
provides to Google and its features directly from the Internet Explorer browser.
In addition to Google's unpaid editorial results, the company also operates its
own advertising programs. The cost-per-click AdWords program places ads on
Google as well as some of Google's partners. Similarly, Google is also a
provider of unpaid editorial results to some other search engines. For a list of
major partnerships, see the Search Providers Chart.
Google was originally a Stanford University project by students Larry Page and
Sergey Brin called BackRub. By 1998, the name had been changed to Google, and
the project jumped off campus and became the private company Google. It remains
privately held today.
Getting Listed: Read the Submitting To Google section of Search Engine Watch's
Essentials Of Search Engine Submission guide for more about being included in
Google's editorial results and the Google AdWords section for more about its
paid listings programs.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How Google Works section of the
web site, which provides in-depth coverage of the editorial and paid listings
processes at Google. Learn more about becoming a member on the membership
information page.
Yahoo
http://www.yahoo.com
Launched in 1994, Yahoo is the web's oldest "directory," a place where human
editors organize web sites into categories. However, in October 2002, Yahoo made
a giant shift to crawler-based listings for its main results. These came from
Google until February 2004. Now, Yahoo uses its own search technology. Learn
more in this recent review from our SearchDay newsletter, which also provides
some updated submission details.
In addition to excellent search results, you can use tabs above the search box
on the Yahoo home page to seek images, Yellow Page listings or use Yahoo's
excellent shopping search engine. Or visit the Yahoo Search home page, where
even more specialized search options are offered.
The Yahoo Directory still survives. You'll notice "category" links below some of
the sites lists in response to a keyword search. When offered, these will take
you to a list of web sites that have been reviewed and approved by a human
editor.
It's also possible to do a pure search of just the human-compiled Yahoo
Directory, which is how the old or "classic" Yahoo used to work. To do this,
search from the Yahoo Directory home page, as opposed to the regular Yahoo.com
home page. Then you'll get both directory category links ("Related Directory
Categories") and "Directory Results," which are the top web site matches drawn
from all categories of the Yahoo Directory.
Sites pay a fee to be included in the Yahoo Directory's commercial listings,
though they must meet editor approval before being accepted. Non-commercial
content is accepted for free. Yahoo's content acquisition program also offers
paid inclusion, where sites can also pay to be included in Yahoo's crawler-based
results. This doesn't guarantee ranking, Yahoo promises. The CAP program also
bring in content from non-profit organizations for free.
Like Google, Yahoo sells paid placement advertising links that appear on its own
site and which are distributed to others. Yahoo purchased Overture in October
2003.
Overture was formerly called GoTo until late 2001. More about it can be found on
the Paid Listings Search Engines page. Overture purchased AllTheWeb (see below)
in March 2003 and acquired AltaVista (see below) in April 2003. Now Yahoo owns
these, gained as from its purchase of Overture.
Technology AltaVista and AllTheWeb was combined with that of Inktomi, a
crawler-based search engine that grew out UC Berkeley and then launched as its
own company in 1996, to make the current Yahoo crawler. Yahoo purchased Inktomi
in March 2003.
Getting Listed: Read the Submitting To Yahoo section of Search Engine Watch's
Essentials Of Search Engine Submission guide for more information on appearing
in Yahoo's own editorial results. Read the Overture section of Search Engine
Watch's Essentials Of Search Engine Submission guide for more information on
Overture's paid listings program.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How Yahoo Works section of the
web site, which provides in-depth coverage of how Yahoo gathers listings. The
How Overture Works page, which provides in-depth coverage of how cost-per-click
ads can be placed with Overture.
Ask
http://www.ask.com
Ask Jeeves initially gained fame in 1998 and 1999 as being the "natural
language" search engine that let you search by asking questions and responded
with what seemed to be the right answer to everything.
In reality, technology wasn't what made Ask Jeeves perform so well. Behind the
scenes, the company at one point had about 100 editors who monitored search
logs. They then went out onto the web and located what seemed to be the best
sites to match the most popular queries.
In 1999, Ask acquired Direct Hit, which had developed the world's first "click
popularity" search technology. Then, in 2001, Ask acquired Teoma's unique index
and search relevancy technology. Teoma was based upon the clustering concept of
subject-specific popularity.
Today, Ask depends on crawler-based technology to provide results to its users.
These results come from the Teoma algorithm, now known as ExpertRank.
Getting Listed: There is not a free way to directly add your site to the index
at Ask.com at the moment. Paid listings come from Ask Sponsored Listings.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How Ask Works page of the web
site, which provides in-depth coverage of how Ask gathers listings.
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Strongly Consider
The search engines below are other good choices to consider when searching the
web.
AllTheWeb.com
http://www.alltheweb.com
Powered by Yahoo, you may find AllTheWeb a lighter, more customizable and
pleasant "pure search" experience than you get at Yahoo itself. The focus is on
web search, but news, picture, video, MP3 and FTP search are also offered.
AllTheWeb.com was previously owned by a company called FAST and used as a
showcase for that company's web search technology. That's why you sometimes may
sometimes hear AllTheWeb.com also referred to as FAST or FAST Search. However,
the search engine was purchased by search provider Overture (see below) in late
April 2003, then later become Yahoo's property when Yahoo bought Overture. It no
longer has a connection with FAST.
AOL Search
http://aolsearch.aol.com (internal)
http://search.aol.com/(external)
AOL Search provides users with editorial listings that come Google's
crawler-based index. Indeed, the same search on Google and AOL Search will come
up with very similar matches. So, why would you use AOL Search? Primarily
because you are an AOL user. The "internal" version of AOL Search provides links
to content only available within the AOL online service. In this way, you can
search AOL and the entire web at the same time. The "external" version lacks
these links. Why wouldn't you use AOL Search? If you like Google, many of
Google's features such as "cached" pages are not offered by AOL Search.
Getting Listed: AOL essentially duplicates the editorial and ad listings that
are shown on Google, so you need to be listed with Google in one of these ways,
as described above.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How AOL Search Works page, which
provides in-depth coverage of how AOL Search operates and why there may be
subtle differences between it and Google.
HotBot
http://www.hotbot.com
HotBot provides easy access to the web's three major crawler-based search
engines: Yahoo, Google and Teoma. Unlike a meta search engine, it cannot blend
the results from all of these crawlers together. Nevertheless, it's a fast, easy
way to get different web search "opinions" in one place.
HotBot's "choose a search engine" interface was introduced in December 2002.
However, HotBot has a long history as a search brand before this date.
HotBot debuted in May 1996, it gained a strong following among serious searchers
for the quality and comprehensiveness of its crawler-based results, which were
provided by Inktomi, at the time. It also caught the attention of experienced
web users and techies, especially for the unusual colors and interface it
continues to sport today.
HotBot gained more notoriety when it switched over to using Direct Hit's "clickthrough"
results for its main listings in 1999. Direct Hit was then one of the "hot"
search engines that had recently appeared. Unfortunately, the quality of Direct
Hit's results couldn't match those of another "hot" player that had debuted at
the same time, Google. HotBot's popularity began to drop.
Even worse, HotBot also suffered by being owned by Lycos (now Terra Lycos).
Lycos had acquired HotBot when it purchased Wired Digital in October 1998. Lycos
failed to make search a priority on its flagship Lycos site as well as HotBot
through much of 1999 and 2000, as it focused instead on adding "portal"
features. The company refocused on search in late 2001, making significant
improvements to the Lycos site and, as noted, reworked the HotBot site at the
end of 2002.
Getting Listed: For the main editorial listings at HotBot, you need to be listed
with the three major crawlers that it can query. Follow the links for these
crawlers on this page, where they are mentioned.
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Other Choices
The sites below are "major" in the sense that they either still receive
significant amounts of traffic or they've earned a reputation in the past that
still causes some people to consider them to be important. For various reasons
explained below, they are not among our top search choices. However, certainly
feel free to try them. They could turn out to be top choices for you.
AltaVista
http://www.altavista.com
AltaVista opened in December 1995 and for several years was the "Google" of its
day, in terms of providing relevant results and having a loyal group of users
that loved the service.
Sadly, an attempt to turn AltaVista into a portal site in 1998 saw the company
lose track of the importance of search. Over time, relevancy dropped, as did the
freshness of AltaVista's listings and the crawler's coverage of the web.
Today, AltaVista is once again focused on search. Results come from Yahoo, and
tabs above the search box let you go beyond web search to find images,
MP3/Audio, Video, human category listings and news results. If you want a
lighter-feel than Yahoo but to still have Yahoo's results, AltaVista is worth
considering.
AltaVista was originally owned by Digital, then taken over by Compaq, when that
company purchased Digital in 1998. AltaVista was later spun off into a private
company, controlled by CMGI. Overture purchasing the search engine in April
2003, then it later became part of Yahoo when Yahoo bought Overture.
Gigablast
http://www.gigablast.com
Compared to Google, Yahoo or even Teoma, Gigablast has a tiny index of the web.
However, the service is constantly gaining new and interesting features. Give it
a whirl, if you want to try something experimental yet dependable. Read more
about Gigablast in this recent interview from our SearchDay newsletter.
Live Search
http://www.live.com/
Live Search (formerly Windows Live Search) is the name of Microsoft's web search
engine, successor to MSN Search, designed to compete with the industry leaders
Google and Yahoo. The search engine offers some innovative features, such as the
ability to view additional search results on the same web page (instead of
needing to click through to subsequent search result pages) and the ability to
adjust the amount of information displayed for each search-result (i.e. just the
title, a short summary, or a longer summary). It also allows the user to save
searches and see them updated automatically on Live.com.
The service was previously powered by LookSmart results and gained top marks for
having its own team of editors that monitored the most popular searches being
performed to hand-pick sites believed to be the most relevant. The system worked
well.
Getting Listed: You can submit editorial sites here. Read the Microsoft adCenter
page about paid listings.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How MSN Search Works page, which
provides in-depth coverage of how MSN integrates listings from its search
providers and its own editors.
LookSmart
http://www.looksmart.com
LookSmart is primarily a human-compiled directory of web sites. It gathers its
listings in two ways. Commercial sites pay to be listed in its commercial
categories, making the service very much like an electronic "Yellow Pages."
However, volunteer editors at the LookSmart-owned Zeal directory also catalog
sites into non-commercial categories for free. Though Zeal is a separate web
site, its listings are integrated into LookSmart's results.
LookSmart launched independently in October 1996, was backed by Reader's Digest
for about a year, and then company executives bought back control of the
service.
LookSmart also bought the WiseNut crawler-based search engine in April 2002.
WiseNut's are offered through the LookSmart via its Web tab above the search
box. Unlike its competitors, the WiseNut crawler has often been out of date,
sometimes for months at a time.
Finally, the real gem at LookSmart can be found via its Articles tab. That
provides access to content from thousands of periodicals.
Getting Listed: Read the Submitting To LookSmart section of Search Engine
Watch's Essentials Of Search Engine Submission guide for more information on
being included in its free non-commercial listings. See the LookSmart Paid
Listings section for information about cost-per-click commercial listings.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How LookSmart Works page, which
has in-depth coverage of how LookSmart gathers listings.
Lycos
http://www.lycos.com
Lycos is one of the oldest search engines on the web, launched in 1994. It
ceased crawling the web for its own listings in April 1999 and instead provides
access to human-powered results from LookSmart for popular queries and
crawler-based results from Yahoo for others.
"Fast Forward" lets you see search results in one side of your screen and the
actual pages listed in another. Relevant categories of human-compiled
information from the Open Directory appear at the bottom of the search results
page.
Lycos is owned by Terra Lycos, a company formed with Lycos and Terra Networks
merged in October 2000. Terra Lycos also owns the HotBot search engine described
above.
Getting Listed: For the main editorial listings at Lycos, you need to be listed
with AllTheWeb.com, which is described above on this page. Paid listings come
from Overture, described below, and additional paid listings come from Terra
Lycos's own program, as described in this article.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How Lycos Works page, which
provides in-depth coverage of how Lycos integrates listings from its search
providers.
Netscape Search
http://search.netscape.com
Owned by AOL Time Warner, Netscape Search uses Google for its main listings,
just as does AOL's other major search site, AOL Search. So why use Netscape
Search rather than Google? Unlike with AOL Search, there's no compelling reason
to consider it. The main difference between Netscape Search and Google is that
Netscape Search will list some of Netscape's own content at the top of its
results. Netscape also has a completely different look and feel than Google. If
you like either of these reasons, then try Netscape Search. Otherwise, you're
probably better off just searching at Google.
Getting Listed: Netscape essentially duplicates the editorial and ad listings
that are shown on Google, so you need to be listed with Google in one of these
ways, as described above on this page.
Open Directory
http://dmoz.org/
The Open Directory uses volunteer editors to catalog the web. Formerly known as
NewHoo, it was launched in June 1998. It was acquired by AOL Time Warner-owned
Netscape in November 1998, and the company pledged that anyone would be able to
use information from the directory through an open license arrangement.
While you can search at the Open Directory site itself, this is not recommended.
The site has no "backup" results that kick in should there not be a match in the
human-compiled database. In addition, the ranking of sites during keyword
searching is poor, while alphabetical ordering is used when you choose to
"browse" categories by topic.
Instead, to scan the valuable information compiled by the Open Directory,
consider using the version offered by Google, the Google Directory. Here,
keyword searching uses Google's refined relevancy algorithms and makes use of
link analysis to better propel good pages from the human database to the top. In
addition, when viewing sites by category, they will be listed in PageRank order,
which means the most popular sites based on analyzing links from across the web
will be listed first.
Getting Listed: Read the Submitting To The Open Directory section of Search
Engine Watch's Essentials Of Search Engine Submission guide for more
information.
Search Engine Watch members have access to the How The Open Directory Works
page, which provides in-depth coverage of how the Open Directory gathers
listings.
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